Journal: Physiological Reports

Article Title: Norepinephrine mediates heart block during severe hypoglycemia in male rats

doi: 10.14814/phy2.70010

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experiment 1: Brain norepinephrine infusion ECG. (a) Mortality during severe hypoglycemia was 16% in aCSF (white bar) and 35% in Nore (black bar) but this was not statistically different. (b) Third‐degree heart block was increased in Nore compared to aCSF. (c) ST elevation was increased in Nore whereas aCSF did not experience ST elevation. (d) Heart rate decreased in both groups during severe hypoglycemia (SH) compared to their respective basals ( p < 0.001). During severe hypoglycemia, Nore had a slight but significantly higher heart rate compared to aCSF ( p < 0.02). (e) QTc prolongation occurred in both groups during severe hypoglycemia compared to basal with no differences between the two groups ( p < 0.001). (f) Representative ECG from aCSF (left) and Nore (right). Basal: Both groups show normal sinus rhythm. T wave increase: Both groups had some rats that experienced this. ST elevation: This did not occur in aCSF. Instead normal sinus rhythm at similar timepoint during severe hypoglycemia is shown. Nore shows ST elevation. Third‐degree heart block: Rats from both groups experienced third‐degree heart block. Data are represented as box and whisker plots with median and interquaritle range and min to max values. N = 20–26/group.

Article Snippet: An electrocardiogram (ECG) (PowerLab 26 T; LabChart; ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO) was recorded throughout the clamp.

Techniques: Blocking Assay, Whisker Assay

Journal: Physiological Reports

Article Title: Norepinephrine mediates heart block during severe hypoglycemia in male rats

doi: 10.14814/phy2.70010

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experiment 2: Blockade of norepinephrine with reserpine ECG. (a) Mortality was completely prevented with Reserpine compared to 13.8% in Control (white bar) but this missed significance. (b) Second‐degree heart block was nearly prevented with Reserpine compared to Control. (c) Third‐degree heart block was prevented with Reserpine compared to 24% in Control. (d) T wave increase occurred in Control but was prevented with Reserpine. (e) Heart rate decreased during severe hypoglycemia compared to basal ( p < 0.001) but to a similar extent in both groups. (f) QTc prolongation occurred in both groups compared to basal ( p < 0.001) but to a lesser extent in Reserpine ( p < 0.02). (g) Representative ECG from Control (left) and Reserpine (right) groups. Basal: Rats from both groups were in normal sinus rhythm. Shown under the control group is T wave increase, ST elevation, and third degree heart block. The rats in the Reserpine group did not have T wave increase, ST elevation, or third Degree heart block. Instead, an ECG at a similar timepoint during severe hypoglycemia (i.e., 1, 2, and 3 h) are shown with the rats in normal sinus rhythm. Data are represented as box and whisker plots with median and interquaritle range and min to max values. N = 20–29/group.

Article Snippet: An electrocardiogram (ECG) (PowerLab 26 T; LabChart; ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO) was recorded throughout the clamp.

Techniques: Control, Blocking Assay, Whisker Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Chronic intermittent hypoxia promotes myocardial ischemia-related ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death

doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21064-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Intermittent hypoxia (IH) enhances myocardial ischemia-related lethal ventricular arrhythmias. ( A ) Incidence of lethal arrhythmias occurring during regional myocardial ischemia in rats exposed to 14-days of normoxia (N) or IH. ( B ) Incidence of both reversible and irreversible ventricular fibrillation (VF) during ischemia. n = 27 and 24 in N and IH groups, respectively. ( C ) Representative recording showing ischemia-induced SCD (irreversible VF) in a rat submitted to IH. The upper tracing represents arterial blood pressure (mmHg), and the lower tracing ECG lead II with characteristic ST-segment elevation (mV). ( D ) Incidence of VF occurring during a 30-min regional ischemia in isolated hearts of rats exposed to N or IH. n = 24 and 29 in N and IH group, respectively. *p < 0.05 vs. N. **p < 0.01 vs. N.

Article Snippet: Baseline ECG recordings were analyzed using a rodent ECG analysis software (ECG Analysis Add-On for LabChart, ADInstruments).

Techniques: Isolation

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Chronic intermittent hypoxia promotes myocardial ischemia-related ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death

doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21064-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Intermittent hypoxia (IH) promotes heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization, increases the transmural action potential gradient and alters the transmural expression of Ca 2+ channels. ( A ) Typical ECG lead II recorded in anesthetized rats, with details of P wave, QRS complex, T wave, QT interval and Tpeak-Tend intervals. IH induced a significant increase in QTc ( B ) and Tpeak-Tend intervals (in milliseconds: ms) ( C ) compared to normoxia (N). n = 14 per group. ( D ) IH exposure induced a significant increase in endocardial APD50, but not in epicardial APD50, compared to normoxia (N). n = 10 and 9 in N and IH group, respectively. ( E ) Representative monophasic action potential (MAP) recording showing measurement of action potential duration at 50% (APD50) and 90% of repolarization. ( F ) Epicardial and ( G ) endocardial mRNA levels of Ca v 1.2 ( Cacnac1c ), Ca v 1.3 ( Cacnac1d ) and TRPC1/4/6 ( Trpc1/4/6 ) in rats exposed to normoxia (N) or IH. n = 6 per group. Data are expressed as mean +/− SEM. *p < 0.05 vs. N. **p < 0.01 vs. N. ***p < 0.001 vs. N.

Article Snippet: Baseline ECG recordings were analyzed using a rodent ECG analysis software (ECG Analysis Add-On for LabChart, ADInstruments).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: eNeuro

Article Title: Enlarged Interior Built Environment Scale Modulates High-Frequency EEG Oscillations

doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0104-22.2022

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental design and setup. A , Isometric view of conditions. Participants were presented with eyes open resting state, followed by four randomized scale conditions. Each scene lasted 2 min, between which the resting state was displayed while the participant completed a self-report assessment of emotion. B , Floor plan indicating the position of items in the experiment. IEQ variables were measured continuously, and all recording equipment was positioned outside of the participants field of view. C , Diagram of equipment fitted to participant including stereoscopic tracking glasses, EEG system, respiratory belt, SCR finger cradles, and ECG electrodes. Diagrams are representative, not drawn to exact scale.

Article Snippet: A 10 min, three-lead ECG recording (PowerLab, LabChart Pro 8.1.16) was performed.

Techniques: